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Major solar panel plant opens in US amid backdrop of industry worries about imports_我的网站

一 |     杭州服务业高质量发展特别报道解码“杭州服务”一座服务业标杆城市的成长逻辑记者 陈中秋 摄服务业有多重要？在8月13日召开的全市服务业大会上，我们听到了这样一组数据，贡献了杭州全市六成的就业、七成的经济总量和税收、八成的固定资产投资、九成的市场主体。    A South Korean company has begun production at a huge new solar panel factory in Georgia even as industry leaders say surging Asian imports could dampen efforts to make more solar components in the United States.Qcells, a unit of South Korea’s Hanwha Group, said Wednesday that it can now turn out enough solar panels to generate 5.1 gigawatts of power yearly at a two-factory complex in the northwest Georgia city of Dalton. That's almost 40% of U.S. solar panel capacity, according to figures from the Solar Energy Industries Association. Qcells' opened its first factory in 2019 and an even larger plant in phases since, what the company describes as the largest solar investment in American history. “It’s another milestone as we as a company really strive to become a global leader and a U.S. leader in solar manufacturing," said Scott Moskowitz, Qcells head of market strategy and public affairs, speaking with The Associated Press after a plant tour Monday.The company says its new plant is the first solar module factory in the U.S. to begin production since passage of President Joe Biden’s signature climate legislation. Qcells' $208 million investment again shows how federal incentives are spurring a nationwide boom in renewable energy and electric vehicles.Industry jitters about a flood of cheap solar panels from overseas show how dependent on federal policy the solar industry remains. That's a threat in part because former President Donald Trump, the frontrunner for the 2024 Republican nomination, is hostile to renewable energy.Qcells leaders say the new plant showcases more efficient equipment and processes, part of a much larger investment intended to bring key steps in solar manufacturing to the U.S. A solar panel, or module, is assembled from solar cells most commonly made from wafers cut from ingots of polysilicon. Today, the company's solar cells are imported from Asia. But 30 miles (50 kilometers) south of Dalton in Cartersville, Qcells is building a $2.3 billion complex to take polysilicon refined in Washington state and make ingots, wafers and solar cells — in addition to 3.3 gigawatts of solar modules. That plant is scheduled to open in phases starting next year.Currently, no silicon ingots or wafers are made in the U.S. But Biden's Inflation Reduction Act, besides offering a extra tax credit on American-made solar equipment, lets manufacturers earn incentives for every unit of polysilicon they refine and every wafer, cell and module they make. For example, Qcells earns a tax credit of 7 cents per watt for every panel it makes in Dalton, or $34.30 for every 490-watt residential panel made.Even with that boost, solar industry leaders warn, factories will struggle to compete with a new spike in cheap Asian imports. They're again urging federal officials to investigate whether solar panels are being dumped at unfairly low prices. Previous investigations have led to anti-dumping tariffs on panels made in China and Taiwan.U.S. officials shouldn't regard the spike as a normal market fluctuation, said Mike Carr, executive director of the Solar Energy Manufacturers for America Coalition, a group that includes Qcells. He argues Chinese component makers are pushing out cheap modules from southeast Asian factories, tanking panel prices to ensure Chinese dominance and smother U.S. manufacturing.“This is likely to be the No. 1 new energy source in the 21st century," Carr said. "It’s already cheaper than pretty much anything else to install. It is the path to meeting our climate goals. So I think it becomes a real national security kind of concern. The way OPEC is in oil markets, we don’t want to allow China to become that same controller of supply in solar.”Qcells sees current low prices as a “near-term challenge" in achieving economies of scale and serving a long-term market, Moskowitz said. Beyond trade policy, he said, requiring federal agencies to buy American-made products and promoting panels produced with fewer carbon emissions could bolster Qcells.Politics envelops the solar industry. Vice President Kamala Harris visited the plant earlier this year. At the state level, Republican Gov. Brian Kemp has wrestled with Democratic U.S. Sen. Jon Ossoff over political credit for electric vehicle and renewable energy investments flowing to Georgia. “Out of all the places Qcells could have gone, they chose to operate and expand here in Georgia because of our unrivaled assets and the competitive package we put together,” Kemp said in a statement.Ossoff and fellow Georgia Democratic Sen. Raphael Warnock note they authored the component incentives that benefit Qcells, emphasizing federal policy. “Our state is emerging as the advanced energy capital of the nation, thanks to federal infrastructure and manufacturing policies that are benefiting Georgia more than any other state,” Ossoff said in a statement.Qcells, for its part, praises both state and federal assistance.“To build these markets up and to have them work, you need a whole government approach," Moskowitz said.。数据听起来没感觉，那就拆解来看——服务业分为生产性服务业和生活性服务业两大类。生产性服务业包括批发、运输、仓储和邮政、金融、商务等16个国民经济行业门类，348个行业小类；生活性服务业包括零售、住宿和餐饮、旅游、修理、教育、卫生、娱乐等13个专业门类，288个行业小类，个个都和产业发展、经济循环、民生就业、老百姓生活息息相关。会议明确杭州服务业发展的总目标：两地一中心。即打造先进生产性服务业集聚地、品质生活性服务业共享地，加快建设东部现代服务业中心。会议要求，聚焦“6+4”重点领域和省级56条细分赛道，围绕8条杭州特色赛道，加快推动“两地一中心”建设迈上新台阶、取得新突破。会上，《杭州市推进服务业扩能提质行动方案（征求意见稿）》（以下简称《方案》）正式亮相。目标到2030年，全市服务业增加值突破2万亿元，生产性服务业增加值占服务业比重60%以上。《方案》围绕生产性服务业发展的六大方向：科技服务、软件信息、现代物流、金融服务、商务服务、节能环保，聚焦生活性服务业发展的四大领域：居民服务便利化、养老托育服务高效适配、健康服务专业化、文旅商体融合，明确了具体工作任务。方向明确后，关键在落地。《方案》指出，要以加快服务业数智化升级、深化服务业标准化建设、推进服务业品牌化培育、推动服务业融合化发展、提升服务业国际化这五大主线为牵引，推动服务业发展跃升。东部现代服务业中心先进生产性服务业集聚地（六大方向）1.科技服务全社会研发投入强度达4.5%，每万人高价值发明专利拥有量达78件，全市检验检测收入达200亿元。2.软件信息软件营收达1.7万亿元，全市智能算力规模突破100EFLOPS，探索设立“AI产品体验券”，建设“AI场景交易所”。3.现代物流全市快递业务量达到54亿件，新建无人机公共起降场36处，新增低空物流航线200条。4.金融服务探索“科技企业培育板”，全市金融业增加值超3540亿元，保费收入达到2000亿元。5.商务服务深化钱江新城、运河、黄龙三大法务集聚区建设，提升法律、财税、人力资源、数字广告等专业服务水平。6.节能环保推进零碳园区、零碳工厂、绿色工厂建设，完成既有建筑节能降碳改造，积极争创全国“无废城市”。品质生活性服务业共享地（四大领域）1.居民服务便利化实现家政机构、社区网点和服务人员三类信用档案联网查询，推动涉宠服务规范化、多元化发展，支持钱江新城商圈争创国家级商圈。

二 | 2.养老托育服务高效适配鼓励开展“AI+养老”，拓展适老化文旅、康养文旅、银发金融等消费场景，推进社区嵌入式托育和“医育结合”健康促进模式，支持幼儿园开设托班。3.健康服务专业化发展数智医保和互联网健康消费，推动中医药与养老、旅游等产业融合发展，培育健康消费新业态。4.文旅商体融合大力发展网络文学、网络影视剧、网络游戏，文化“新三样”规上企业营收超3000亿元，积极承办世界羽联世界巡回赛总决赛、2027亚足联U20亚洲杯，创新推出“杭州消费礼遇卡”。

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